The Dream is now Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Dream is now - Essay Example One of my friends has completed his university studies last year but up to date he is unable to secure any job of his dream in the government or high ranking agencies in this country. This is because his status of being undocumented. Hence, end up settling for less than what all through he has worked hard and smart to do in life, which is quite a disappointing. In most cases, this has prompted him to struggle financially as he tries to cater for varied expenses, which if he was employed like any other said documented citizens life to him would have been quite easy. Based on my experience and what I have learnt through this 30-minutes video, undocumented immigrants face utter segregation when it comes to employment opportunities. This is despite having gone through extremely demanding learning process entailing not only financial commitments but also one’s time. It is quite demoralizing especially when one all through has studied and excelled but he or she cannot manage to secure a good employment opportunity with the government as well as its agencies. This is despite both the regime and its agencies having such openings for fresh graduates but those recruit cannot dare think of undocumented candidates having the required skills and expertise. In addition, these undocumented immigrants despite having excelled well in high school, higher institutions cannot take them. Hence, end up making them undergo extremely tedious and demoralizing processes if they ever secure a chance in those institutions. In most cases, this goes to the extent of some candidates giving up in life if they are not strong willed. After watching this film, I learnt those in high offices especially from both sides of the influential political parties only careless about the undocumented. This is by coming into a consensus of what ought to be done in

Work Cultures and Social Loafing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Work Cultures and Social Loafing - Essay Example The study was important because it helps us to understand the behavior of people in different countries and different work culture and sought to find out remedies for this organizational menace. Research was never conducted before about this subject and it assumes significance from the fact that work culture is often ignored and it is further important because work culture changes from country to country and it can't be altered / modified . Research conducted in the United States indicates that members of cultures whose value emphases and social institutions have been characterized as "group-oriented" would tend to form more cohesive groups and be more likely to place group benefit over individual benefit than members of individualistic.(Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Vol. 14, No. 3, 368-384 (1983) Social Loafing is a tendency or phenomenon of an individual, to work less when in group than when work alone. As such, group performance may not be satisfactory when compared to individual performance. Social loafing is the "tendency to reduce individual effort when working in groups compared to the individual effort expended when working alone" (Williams & Karau, 1991). "It is the tendency for individuals to expend less effort when working collectively than when working individually" (Karau & Williams, 1993) Social Loafing- "the tendency of individual group members to reduce their work effort as groups increase in size as displayed by the inclination to "goof off" when performance is needed in a group, miss meetings, show up late, or fail to start or complete individual tasks". J. Dan Rothwell, "In Mixed Company: Communicating in Small Groups," 3rd. ed., Harcourt Brace College Publishers, Orlando, .83 In their meta-analytic review of social loafing, Karau and Williams (1993) found that the degree to which the participants' dominant culture emphasizes individualistic versus collectivistic concerns moderated the loafing effect. The magnitude of this effect was found to be larger for participants from individualist-Western cultures than for participants from collectivist-Eastern or oriental cultures. Consistent with this, individuals attach greater importance to group performance and achievement in collectivist cultures (Triandis, 1989), where conceptions of individuality insist on the fundamental relatedness of people to each other (Markus & Kitayama, 1991). An experiment conducted on French students revealed that self - beliefs related to one's feeling of uniqueness play a vital role in performance than in group ( Karau and Williams' (1993) Collective Effort Model). Another research conducted by Kline, Ute-ChristineAnderson, Neil (2007) revealed that personality, cultural, social, and work- and organizational psychology of an employee not only affects social loafing but also addresses the motivational factors of situations that either foster or inhibit social loafing under typical vs maximum performance . With the increasing focus on international ventures and management (Hofstede, 1980; Adler, 1986), it is important that organizational researchers understand intercultural similarities and differences, particularly